Handover schemes in heterogeneous LTE networks: challenges and opportunities.

For satisfying rapidly increasing data rates at hotspots and enhancing coverage in buildings, small cells, such as femtocells, picocells, and microcells, are deployed in LTE-A. Femtocells are typically installed at hotspots and overlay with the macrocell to improve energy efficiency and data rates. In macro-femto HetNets, the handover issue is more important than that in macrocell networks. On one...