Energy efficient virtual network embedding for green data centers using data center topology and future migration

•We formulate energy efficient virtual network embedding that incorporates energy costs of operation and migration for nodes and links.•We prove the NP-hardness of the problem and develop a heuristic algorithm to minimize the energy consumption.•We consider a practical intra-DC architecture to further improve energy efficiency.•We conduct extensive evaluations and comparisons with existing algorithms to show that the proposed algorithm substantially saves energy consumption and allows high acceptance ratios.