Pinpoint operando analysis of the electronic states of a graphene transistor using photoelectron nanospectroscopy

APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS(2014)

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Abstract
Graphene is a promising material for next-generation devices owing to its excellent electronic properties. Graphene devices do not, however, exhibit the high performance that is expected considering graphene's intrinsic electronic properties. Operando, i.e., gate-controlled, photoelectron nanospectroscopy is needed to observe electronic states in device operation conditions. We have achieved, for the first time, pinpoint operando core-level photoelectron nanospectroscopy of a channel of a graphene transistor. The direct relationship between the graphene's binding energy and the Fermi level is reproduced by a simulation assuming linear band dispersion. This operando nanospectroscopy will bridge the gap between electronic properties and device performance. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
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Key words
graphene transistor,electronic states
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