The effect of combining linseed oil and sesamin on the fatty acid composition in white muscle and on expression of lipid-related genes in white muscle and liver of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Sesamin (S) is a known lipid modulator and has been shown to increase the conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) to docosahexaenoic acid in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) fed vegetable oil mixtures including linseed oil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of S supplementation in linseed oil-based diets, content of α- and γ-tocopherols, fatty acid (FA) composition, as well as the gene expression of lipid-related genes. Fish with an average weight of 36.5 g were fed different combinations of commercial linseed oil (LO), purified linseed oil triacylglycerols (TAG) with polar fraction removed and a mixed linseed-sunflower oil (6:4 v/v) (MO). S was added at 0.58 g 100 −1 g feed and fed to the fish for a period of 58 days. Expression of PPARα was downregulated in white muscle of fish fed S containing diets ( P < 0.05). The expression of PPARβ1A was not affected by S supplementation except where TAG oil was used. The expression of PPARβ1A declined significantly in TAG + S fed group ( P < 0.05), which indicates that some minor compounds in linseed oil might suppress the effect of S on the expression of PPARβ1A. The expression of PPARγ(long) declined in LO + S and MO + S fed group ( P < 0.05). The β-oxidation-related genes CPT1 and ACO were upregulated by vegetable oils compared to fish oil. S decreased percentage of ALA in white muscle of fish fed LO + S ( P < 0.05). The increased desaturation index and the decreased ALA levels suggest that S may increase the biosynthesis of highly unsaturated FA in rainbow trout.