Application of P450 Pharmacogenomics Testing in Treatment-Resistant Elderly with Behavioral Symptoms: High Rate of Impaired 2D6 Activity Among Patients of Asian Ancestry

frontal gyrus thickness (r¼-0.676, p<0.001); such that those patients who were oldest and had the highest mean cortisol level had the thinnest superior frontal gyrus. Conclusions: These results show that in a sample of euthymic BD patients, higher mean salivary cortisol levels were significantly associated with prefrontal cortical thinning, and that this association may be particularly strong in the oldest patients. These findings are consistent with the relationship of salivary cortisol and cortical thickness seen in a large cohort of healthy middle-aged men (Kremen et al., 2010), with our BD cohort, particularly the oldest patients, showing even stronger relationships between cortisol and cortical thickness, underscoring the possible effects of HPA dysfunction in bipolar pathophysiology and brain aging.