Retrospective Analysis of Complications, Revisions and Fluoroscopy in Short Fusions with Robotic Guidance versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Surgeries

Manual direction of pedicle screws in spinal instrumentation surgeries relies on correct identification of anatomical landmarks. Two-dimensional fluoroscopy is often used to visualize the anatomy beyond the surface which exposes the surgical team and patient to high doses of ionizing radiation. Computer assisted surgeries aim to improve surgical outcomes while reducing intraoperative utilization of radiation.