Characteristics of carbonate, evaporite and silicate weathering in Huanghe River basin: A comparison among the upstream, midstream and downstream

•Chemical composition of waters in upper Huanghe is mainly controlled by carbonate weathering.•Evaporite dissolution in the midstream is responsible for the high TDS in Huanghe basin.•Waters composition in the lower reaches nearly inherits the feature of middles reaches.•Carbonate weathering in upper reaches is the main sink of CO2 in the Huanghe basin.