Partially-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of two bluff body flows

The paper discusses the PANS model in the framework of engineering applications of bluff body flows. Comparisons with the resolving LES technique and URANS of a three dimensional bluff body flow are made for a better understanding of the behavior of PANS model in these flows. Several implementation issues of PANS such as fk variable in space and time, the influence of the inlet boundary conditions and discretization scheme are discussed. The reference comparison with LES and URANS displays the differences between the methods in the complex interaction between the resolved and the modeled coherent flow scales. The PANS model is compared with competing techniques of LES, DES and RANS for challenging flow around a generic vehicle at yaw. The remaining problems and the possible directions in the improvement of the PANS model are discussed.