L'articulation synoviale : un systeme tribologique parfait

THE SYNOVIAL JOINT : A PERFECT TRIBOLOGICAL SYSTEM The synovial joint, by load bearing and by minimal wear and minimal friction conferring, is considered as a perfect tribological system. During these last years, researchs in articular biomechanics have been performed to study how the joint friction coefficient, a dimensionless measure which represents the ratio between the frictional force on the normal force, was close to zero. Today, there is still no consensual explanation and the articular prosthesis partially imitates the biological mechanics. This review describes the composition and the general properties of the synovial joint components. Additionally, different theorical models, on the tribology of the articular triplex cartilage-synovial fluid-cartilage, are explained. AKIZUKI S., MOW V.C., MULLER F., PITA J.C., hOWELL D.S. Tensile properties of human knee joint cartilage. II. Correlations between weight bearing and tissue pathology and the kinetics of swelling. J. Orthop. Res., 1987, 5, 173-186. AKIZUKI S., MOW V.C., MULLER F., PITA J.C., hOWELL D.S., MANICOURT D.h. Tensile properties of human knee joint cartilage: I. Influence of ionic conditions, weight bearing, and fibrillation on the tensile modulus. J. Orthop. Res., 1986, 4, 379392. ALMOND A., ShEEhAN J.K., BRASS A. Molecular dynamics simulations of the two disaccharides of hyaluronan in aqueous solution. Glycobiology, 1997, 7, 597-604. ALWAN W.h., CARTER S.D., BENNETT D., EDWARDS g.B. glycosaminoglycans in horses with osteoarthritis. Equine Vet. J., 1991, 23, 44-47. ALWAN W.h., CARTER S.D., BENNETT D., MAy S.A., EDWARDS g.B. Cartilage breakdown in equine osteoarthritis: measurement of keratan sulphate by an ELISA system. Res. Vet. Sci., 1990, 49, 56-60. ANADERE I., ChMIEL h., LASChNER W. Viscoelasticity of «normal» and pathological synovial fluid. Biorheology, 1979, 16, 179-184. ANgLIN T.C., COOPER M.P., LI h., ChANDLER K., CONBOy J.C. Free energy and entropy of activation for phospholipid flip-flop in planar supported lipid bilayers. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2010, 114, 19031914. ASPDEN R.M., hUKINS D.W. Collagen organization in articular cartilage, determined by X-ray diffraction, and its relationship to tissue function. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 1981, 212, 299-304. ATEShIAN g.A. A theoretical formulation for boundary friction in articular cartilage. J. Biomech. Eng., 1997, 119, 81-86. ATEShIAN g.A. The role of interstitial fluid pressurization in articular cartilage lubrication. J. Biomech., 2009, 42, 1163-1176. AUgER D.D., DOWSON D., FIShER J., JIN Z.M. Friction and lubrication in cushion form bearings for artificial hip joints. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H, 1993, 207, 25-33. AVIAD A.D., hOUPT J.B. The molecular weight of therapeutic hyaluronan (sodium hyaluronate): how significant is it? J. Rheumatol., 1994, 21, 297-301. BAhABRI S.A., SUWAIRI W.M., LAXER R.M., POLINKOVSKy A., DALAAN A.A., WARMAN M.L. The camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome: clinical features and genetic mapping to human chromosome 1. Arthritis Rheum., 1998, 41, 730-735. BAO J.P., ChEN W.P., WU L.D. Lubricin: a novel potential biotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Mol. Biol. Rep., 2010. BARONE R. Caracteres generaux des articulations. In : Barone R., Anatomie comparee des mam- BIBLIOGRAPHIE