Effect of temperature on the electrical properties of nanocrystalline CaTi 1− x Fe x O 3−Δ perovskite

Calcium titanate nanopowder doped with high content (1 M%) of iron was synthesized using simple sol–gel method. The four obtained samples were post-sintered at 100, 500, 900, and 1250 °C to get soft agglomerates of nanocrystalline perovskites, which were deagglomerated by wet milling process using ethanol as a medium. The general stoichiometric formula for iron-doped CaTiO 3 was symbolized as CaTi 1− x Fe x O 3− δ . The crystallographic structure of perovskites was found to be orthorhombic for all the four samples. The real and imaginary parts of the impedance values of sintered samples as a function of frequency were obtained using complex impedance spectroscopy. All the instrumental parameters were calibrated before initiating the measurements. The frequency range was set between 0.01 Hz and 1 MHz, and AC bias voltage was maintained at 50 mV. The objective of this work was to find the economical relevance of pioneering materials for electronic applications such as hydrogen production in fuel cells, solar plant, ferroelectric memory devices, microwave resonators, and sensible membranes as they are cheap and readily available, and can be prepared using controllable synthesis in a commercial laboratory.