Conductivity Measures Coupled With Treatment With Ion-Exchange Resin For The Assessment Of Sodium Concentration In Physiological Fluids: Analyses On Artificial Solutions
2013 JOINT IMEKO (INTERNATIONAL MEASUREMENT CONFEDERATION) TC1-TC7-TC13 SYMPOSIUM: MEASUREMENT ACROSS PHYSICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES(2013)
Abstract
In humans, sodium is essential for the regulation of blood volume and pressure. During hemodialysis, sodium measurement is important to preserve the patient from hypo-or hyper-natremia Usually, sodium measurement is performed through laboratory equipment which is typically expensive, and requires manual intervention. We propose a new method, based on conductivity measurement after treatment of dialysate solution through ion-exchange resin. To test this method, we performed in vitro experiments. We prepared 40 ml sodium chloride (NaCl) samples at 280, 140, 70, 35, 17.5, 8.75, 4.375 mEq/l, and some "mixed samples", i.e., with added potassium chloride (KCl) at different concentrations (4.375-17.5 mEq/l), to simulate the confounding factors in a conductivity-based sodium measurement. We measured the conductivity of all samples. Afterwards, each sample was treated for 1 min with 1 g of Dowex G-26 resin, and conductivity measured again. On average, the difference e in the conductivity between mixed samples and corresponding pure NaCl samples (at the same NaCl concentration) was 20.9%. With treatment with the resin, it was 9.9%, only. We conclude that ion-exchange resin treatment coupled with conductivity measures may be a possible simple approach for continuous and automatic sodium measurement during hemodialysis.
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Key words
sodium concentration,physiological fluids,conductivity,artificial solutions,ion-exchange
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