Cowden's Syndrome Diagnosis Based on Oral Manifestations

Cowden's syndrome is a rare autosomal-dominant condition characterized by the presence of multiple mucocutaneous hamartomas, gastrointestinal polyps, and breast neoplasms. This report describes a case in which oral lesions were responsible for the diagnosis. Woman, 34, had a history of benign nodules of the thyroid and breast and came for an evaluation of her oral lesions. Cutaneous examination revealed papules in the nasal region, verrucous growths in the axillary region, and palmoplantar keratosis. Intraoral examination showed several papules in the gingiva and tongue. Histological analysis of the oral lesions was compatible with fibroepithelial hyperplasias. The diagnosis of Cowden's syndrome was reached after analyzing the intraoral findings, cutaneous involvement and previous medical history. This case highlights the importance of the stomatologist in diagnosing this syndrome, which is characterized by a high prevalence of malignant tumors, requiring routine follow-up examinations of the affected patients.