Laser cleaning of stone materials: an overview of current research

This paper presents an overview of current knowledge and recent advances in the application of pulsed laser radiation to the cleaning of works of art, particularly ornamental stone. Special emphasis is put on the critical review of publications from the last six years. The recent history of laser cleaning in art conservation is summarised and a description of laser fundamentals, laser types and practicalities for use in conservation is given. Existing explanatory models of the underlying physics of laser cleaning are briefly described, as are the advances in laser cleaning of different stone types. Common techniques, including on-line monitoring used to detect material damage after laser irradiation, are outlined and examples are given of their application. Finally, current trends and improvements in laser-cleaning efficiency and the reduction of damaging side effects are addressed. It is hoped that this overview will bring greater attention to the issues that are important for future research on the laser cleaning of stone.