Outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for adult patients with AML and 11q23/ MLL rearrangement (MLL-r AML)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 11q23/ MLL rearrangement (MLL-r AML) is allocated to the intermediate- or high-risk cytogenetic prognostic category depending on the MLL fusion partner. A more favorable outcome has been reported in patients receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT), but this has not been confirmed in large series. We analyzed the outcome of alloHSCT among adult patients reported to the Acute Leukemia Working Party between 2000 and 2010. We identified 159 patients with 11q23/ MLL rearranged AML allografted in first complete remission (CR1, n =138) or CR2, mostly corresponding to t (9;11), t (11;19), t (6;11) and t (10;11) translocations. Two-year overall survival (OS), leukemia-free survival (LFS), relapse incidence and non-relapse mortality were 56±4%, 51±4%, 31±3% and 17±4%, respectively. The outcome differed according to 11q23/ MLL rearrangement, being more favorable in patients with t (9;11) and t (11;19) compared with t (10;11) and t (6;11) (2-year OS: 64±6% and 73±10% vs 40±13% and 24±11%, respectively; P <0.0001). Multivariate analysis for OS identified t (6;11), t (10;11), age>40 years and CR2 as unfavorable features, whereas t (6;11), t (10;11), CR2 and the use of reduced-intensity conditioning regimen affected poorly the LFS. This study confirms the potential role of alloHSCT for adult patients with 11q23 /MLL rearranged AML in CR1.