Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease

The afferent and efferent visual systems may be affected by a wide range of systemic diseases: hematologic, inflammatory, infectious, toxic/adverse drug reactions, paraneoplastic and genetic. In a case presentation style, specific conditions will be presented and discussed. Examples are toxic optic neuropathies, ocular myasthenia gravis and myasthenic syndromes, phakomatoses, heritable optic nerve disorders, systemic infections and autoimmune diseases.