Investigation of the factors affecting the transverse force measurements of an optical trap: II

Many applications of laser tweezers rely on the accurate measurement of the transverse or axial trapping force. We have concentrated on the transverse trapping force and the most common(1) method used to measure it, applying a viscous drag force. A trapped sphere was subjected to a viscous drag force via a Stokesian flow. The flow was achieved by oscillating the sample stage at a constant speed of 750 microns/second. A Zeiss oil-immersion (N.A. = 1.3) objective was used to focus a 1064nm Nd:YVO4 laser beam in order to trap 6 microns diameter polystyrene spheres suspended in distilled water. The minimum power needed to hold the particle in the trap at a particular viscous drag force was then measured. The influence of trap depth, oscillation amplitude used and particle concentration have been investigated, in particular the effects caused by the characteristics of the function used to create the oscillation. The minimum laser power needed to trap a sphere was found to increase with a rise in oscillation amplitude. The velocity profile through the fluid, the rotation of the trapped particle and the effect of interactions with other particles is considered when explaining these effects.