Combining Thermodynamic And Fluid Flow Modelling For Co2 Flow Assurance

The present paper concerns the importance of a combined modelling and experimental effort to develop physics-based combined thermodynamic and transient flow models for CO2-transport pipelines. Such models need to handle both multiple components and two-phase flow, which can occur both during normal operation and transient situations, such as first fill and depressurization. Moreover, these models can provide useful input to risk analyses and design of mitigation actions of undesirable incidents like pipeline rupture and well blow-outs. This paper discusses various physical phenomena, design issues and solutions by using the experience from actual cases encountered by Vattenfall, Gassco and Statoil. Among the key issues are the minimum temperature in the pipe wall during depressurization and the magnitude of pressure oscillations during transient operation. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of GHGT