Sol–gel combustion synthesis, particle shape analysis and magnetic properties of hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous silica matrix

•Hematite nanoparticles are synthesized by using sol–gel combustion synthesis method.•The SQUID measurements show blocking temperature TB=27K and superparamagnetism.•TEM measurements show spherical particles and narrow size distribution.•The sample did not exhibit the Morin transition.•The magnetic moment μp=195μB and diameter d=5nm were determined.