Technical challenges in the construction of the steady-state stellarator Wendelstein 7-X

H S Bosch,R Wolf, T V Andreeva,J Baldzuhn,D Birus,Torsten Bluhm,T Brauer,H Braune,V Bykov,A Cardella,F Durodie,M Endler,V Erckmann,G Gantenbein,D Hartmann,D Hathiramani,Peter Heimann, B Heinemann,Christine Hennig,Matthew L Hirsch, D Holtum,J Jagielski,John Jelonnek,W Kasparek,T Klinger,R Konig,P Kornejew, H Kroiss, J G Krom,G Kuhner, H P Laqua,C Lechte,Marc Lewerentz,Joachim Maier,P Mcneely,A M Messiaen,G Michel,J Ongena,A Peacock,Thomas Sunn Pedersen, Ralph Riedl,Heike Riemann,Peijing Rong,N Rust,Jorg Schacht,F Schauer,Roger G Schroeder,B Schweer,Andrew M Spring,A Stabler, M Thumm, Y Turkin,L Wegener,A Werner, Dengsong Zhang, M Zilker, T Akijama,Robertas Alzbutas,E Ascasibar,M Balden,M Banduch, C Baylard, W Behr, C D Beidler,A Benndorf, T Bergmann,C Biedermann,B Bieg,W Biel, M T Borchardt, G Borowitz, V Borsuk,S Bozhenkov,R Brakel, Helmut R Brand, Truman R Brown, B Brucker, R Burhenn,Klauspeter Buscher, C Caldwellnichols,A Cappa, A Carls,P Carvalho,łukasz Ciupinski,Michelle J Cole, J Collienne,A Czarnecka,G Czymek,G Dammertz,C P Dhard,V I Davydenko,A Dinklage,M Drevlak,S Drotziger, Arkadiusz Z Dudek,P Dumortier,Gintautas Dundulis, P V Eeten, K N Egorov,T Estrada, H Faugel,J Fellinger, Y Feng,Horacio Fernandes, W H Fietz, W Figacz, F Fischer,J M Fontdecaba,Andreas K Freund, T Funaba, H Funfgelder, A Galkowski,D A Gates, L Giannone,J M Garcia Regana, J Geiger, S Geisler,H Greuner,M Grahl, Stephanie Gros,A Grosman, H Grote, O Grulke, Martin Haas, L Haiduk,H J Hartfus,J H Harris, D Haus,B Hein, P Heitzenroeder,P Helander, R Heller, C Hidalgo, D Hildebrandt, H Hohnle,Anderson Mathias Holtz,E Holzhauer, R Holzthum,A Huber, H Hunger, F Hurd, Matthias Ihrke,Stefan Illy,A A Ivanov, S Jablonski,N Jaksic,M Jakubowski,R Jaspers,H Jensen,H Jenzsch, J Kacmarczyk, T Kaliatk, J Kallmeyer, U Kamionka,R Karaleviciu,Scott E Kern, Martin Keunecke,R Kleiber, J P Knauer, R Koch,G Kocsis,A Konies,M Koppen,R Koslowski, J Koshurinov,A Kramerflecken, R Krampitz, Yu A Kravtsov, M Krychowiak,G Krzesinski,I Ksiazek,M Kubkowska,A Kus,S W Langish,R Laube, M Laux,S Lazerson, Michael Lennartz, Chunyi Li,R Lietzow, A Lohs,A Lorenz,F Louche,L V Lubyako,Arnold Lumsdaine,A Lyssoivan, H Maasberg,P Marek,Cindy Martens,N B Marushchenko,M Mayer, B Mendelevitch,Ph Mertens,D R Mikkelsen,A Mishchenko, B Missal,Tohru Mizuuchi, H Modrow,Thomas Monnich,T Morizaki,Shizuko Murakami,F Musielok,M Nagel, D Naujoks, H Neilson,O Neubauer, U Neuner,R Nocentini,J M Noterdaeme, C Nuhrenberg,S Obermayer, Guido Offermanns, H Oosterbeek,M Otte,Anatoli Panin,M Pap,S Paquay, E Pasch,X Peng, S Petrov,D Pilopp, H Pirsch, B Plaum, F Pompon,M Povilaitis,J Preinhaelter, O Prinz, F Purps,Tamas Rajna, S Recsei,Allan H Reiman, D Reiter, J Remmel, S Renard, V Rhode, J F Riemann,Sigitas Rimkevicius,K Rise, A Rodatos, Igor Rodin,M Rome, Hansjurgen Roscher, K Rummel,Th Rummel, A Runov,L Ryc, J Sachtleben,Andrey Samartsev, Manuel Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, F Sano,A Scarabosio,M Schmid,H Schmitz,O Schmitz, Marisol Miranda Schneider,W Schneider,L Scheibl,M Scholz, G H Schroder, Matthias Schroder, J Schruff, H W Schumacher,I V Shikhovtsev, M Shoji, G Siegl,Jan Skodzik, M Smirnow, E Speth,D A Spong, R Stadler,Z Sulek,V Szabo,T Szabolics, T Szetefi,Z Szokefalvinagy, A Tereshchenko, H Thomsen,Dirk Timmermann, H Tittes, K Toi,M R Tournianski,Udo Von Toussaint, J Tretter, Szilveszter Tulipan, P Turba,R Uhlemann, Javier Martin Urban,E Urbonavicius,P Urlings,S Valet,D Van Eester,M Van Schoor,M Vervier,Holger Viebke,R Vilbrandt,M Vrancken,T Wauters,M Weissgerber, E Weis, A Weller,James W Wendorf, U Wenzel, T Windisch, E Winkler, M Winkler, J Wolowski, J Wolters,G Wrochna,P Xanthopoulos, Hiroaki Yamada, M Yokoyama, Dulce Grasel Zacharias, J Zajac, Gunter Zangl,M C Zarnstorff, H Zeplien,S Zoletnik,M Zuin

NUCLEAR FUSION（2013）

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摘要

The next step in the Wendelstein stellarator line is the large superconducting device Wendelstein 7-X, currently under construction in Greifswald, Germany. Steady-state operation is an intrinsic feature of stellarators, and one key element of the Wendelstein 7-X mission is to demonstrate steady-state operation under plasma conditions relevant for a fusion power plant. Steady-state operation of a fusion device, on the one hand, requires the implementation of special technologies, giving rise to technical challenges during the design, fabrication and assembly of such a device. On the other hand, also the physics development of steady-state operation at high plasma performance poses a challenge and careful preparation. The electron cyclotron resonance heating system, diagnostics, experiment control and data acquisition are prepared for plasma operation lasting 30 min. This requires many new technological approaches for plasma heating and diagnostics as well as new concepts for experiment control and data acquisition.

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