Ectopic Bone Induction by BMP-loaded Collagen Scaffold and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Sheet

19 INTRODUCTION Bone inductive therapies have been developed using tissue engineering with three essential factors, i.e., osteogenic cells, osteoinductive growth factor and a scaffold for bone-forming cells. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) include multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. BMSCs could differentiate into several cell-types including osteoblasts , and implantation of BMSCs with various biological scaffolds enables to induce a new bone in vivo. Grafting with calcium alginate to alveolar bone defects in dogs accelerated bone regeneration. Bruder et al. reported that the combined implantation with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells facilitated bone formation: They insisted that a ceramic scaffold carrying cell source could be primarily biocompatible and be able to provide mechanical stiffness compared to the ceramics scaffold per se. A biological scaffold may play an Ectopic Bone Induction by BMP-loaded Collagen Scaffold and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Sheet