Ortho-positronium observation in the Double Chooz experiment
Y. Abe,J. C. dos Anjos,J. C. Barriere,E. Baussan,I. Bekman,M. Bergevin,T. J. C. Bezerra,L. Bezrukov,E. Blucher,C. Buck,J. Busenitz,A. Cabrera,E. Caden,L. Camilleri,R. Carr,M. Cerrada,P.-J. Chang,E. Chauveau,P. Chimenti,A. P. Collin,E. Conover,J. M. Conrad,J. I. Crespo-Anadón,K. Crum,A. S. Cucoanes,E. Damon,J. V. Dawson,J. Dhooghe,D. Dietrich,Z. Djurcic,M. Dracos,M. Elnimr,A. Etenko,M. Fallot,F. von Feilitzsch,J. Felde,S. M. Fernandes,V. Fischer,D. Franco,M. Franke,H. Furuta,I. Gil-Botella,L. Giot,M. Göger-Neff,L. F. G. Gonzalez,L. Goodenough,M. C. Goodman,C. Grant,N. Haag,T. Hara,J. Haser,M. Hofmann,G. A. Horton-Smith,A. Hourlier,M. Ishitsuka,J. Jochum,C. Jollet,F. Kaether,L. N. Kalousis,Y. Kamyshkov,D. M. Kaplan,T. Kawasaki,E. Kemp,H. de Kerret,D. Kryn,M. Kuze,T. Lachenmaier,C. E. Lane,T. Lasserre,A. Letourneau,D. Lhuillier,H. P. Lima Jr.,M. Lindner,J. M. López-Castaño,J. M. LoSecco,B. Lubsandorzhiev,S. Lucht,J. Maeda,C. Mariani,J. Maricic,J. Martino,T. Matsubara,G. Mention,A. Meregaglia,T. Miletic,R. Milincic,A. Minotti,Y. Nagasaka,Y. Nikitenko,P. Novella,L. Oberauer,M. Obolensky,A. Onillon,A. Osborn,C. Palomares,I. M. Pepe,S. Perasso,P. Pfahler,A. Porta,G. Pronost,J. Reichenbacher,B. Reinhold,M. Röhling,R. Roncin,S. Roth,B. Rybolt,Y. Sakamoto,R. Santorelli,A. C. Schilithz,S. Schönert,S. Schoppmann,M. H. Shaevitz,R. Sharankova,S. Shimojima,D. Shrestha,V. Sibille,V. Sinev,M. Skorokhvatov,E. Smith,J. Spitz,A. Stahl,I. Stancu,L. F. F. Stokes,M. Strait,A. Stüken,F. Suekane,S. Sukhotin,T. Sumiyoshi,Y. Sun,R. Svoboda,K. Terao,A. Tonazzo,H. H. Trinh Thi,G. Valdiviesso,N. Vassilopoulos,C. Veyssiere,M. Vivier,S. Wagner,N. Walsh,H. Watanabe,C. Wiebusch,L. Winslow,M. Wurm,G. Yang,F. Yermia,V. Zimmer
Journal of High Energy Physics（2014）
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摘要
The Double Chooz experiment measures the neutrino mixing angle θ 13 by detecting reactor ν_e via inverse beta decay. The positron-neutron space and time coincidence allows for a sizable background rejection, nonetheless liquid scintillator detectors would profit from a positron/electron discrimination, if feasible in large detector, to suppress the remaining background. Standard particle identification, based on particle dependent time profile of photon emission in liquid scintillator, can not be used given the identical mass of the two particles. However, the positron annihilation is sometimes delayed by the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) metastable state formation, which induces a pulse shape distortion that could be used for positron identification. In this paper we report on the first observation of positronium formation in a large liquid scintillator detector based on pulse shape analysis of single events. The o-Ps formation fraction and its lifetime were measured, finding the values of 44
