Assessment of biologically active GAC and complementary technologies for gray water treatment
JOURNAL OF WATER REUSE AND DESALINATION(2015)
摘要
The reuse of gray water for applications ranging from irrigation to showering is a viable means to reduce net water demand when water supplies are stressed. The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment of gray water using biologically active granular-activated carbon (GAC) and complementary technologies. Technologies were challenged individually or in combination using a synthetic gray water formulation based on NSF/ANSI Standard 350. Specific technologies included: GAC; biologically active GAC (BAC); a newly developed intermittently operated BAC (IOBAC) process; ion exchange (IX); coagulation with a cationic polymer; microfiltration; ultrafiltration (UF); and multibarrier combinations thereof. For control of organic contaminants such as surfactants, BAC and IOBAC performed well over test periods as long as 6 months. Combinations of IOBAC treatment with coagulation pretreatment and UF post-treatment resulted in sustained chemical oxidant demand and turbidity value reductions in excess of 90 and 99.5%, respectively. Such an approach would be useful for gray water treatment for low tier applications like irrigation or toilet flushing, or as a pretreatment system upstream of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and/or advanced oxidation processes for high tier reuse applications such as showering.
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关键词
biofiltration,gray water,water reclamation,water reuse
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