Advanced glycation end products upregulate angiopoietin-like protein 4 expression by activating the renin-angiotensin system in endothelial cells

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) and the mechanisms of the effects in endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were incubated with various concentrations of AGEs for 24 h and the expression of ANGPTL4 was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The concentration of angiotensin II (Ang II) in conditioned media and cell lysates was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran filtration assays and transendothelial electrical resistance were performed to evaluate endothelial permeability. AGEs (80 mu g/ml) increased the expression of ANGPTL4 and the levels of Ang . (P<0.05). Incubation with AGEs also resulted in a significant increase in endothelial permeability (P<0.05). However, pretreatment with the Ang . receptor blocker losartan (10(-5) M) reduced the effects of AGEs (P<0.05). AGEs upregulated the expression of ANGPTL4 by activating a local renin-angiotensin system in endothelial cells. This may be a new mechanism by which AGEs increase endothelial permeability.