Ionizable Lipid with Supramolecular Chemistry Features for RNA Delivery In Vivo

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) technology are highly versatile tools that can be deployed for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. In this report, supramolecular chemistry concepts are incorporated into the rational design of a new ionizable lipid, C3‐K2‐E14, for systemic administration. This lipid incorporates a cone‐shaped structure intended to facilitate cell bilayer disruption, and three tertiary amines to improve RNA binding. Additionally, hydroxyl and amide motifs are incorporated to further enhance RNA binding and improve LNP stability. Optimization of messenger RNA (mRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) formulation conditions and lipid ratios produce LNPs with favorable diameter (<150 nm), polydispersity index (<0.15), and RNA encapsulation efficiency (>90%), all of which are preserved after 2 months at 4 or 37 °C storage in ready‐to‐use liquid form. The lipid and formulated LNPs are well‐tolerated in animals and show no deleterious material‐induced effects. Furthermore, 1 week after intravenous LNP administration, fluorescent signal from tagged RNA payloads are not detected. To demonstrate the long‐term treatment potential for chronic diseases, repeated dosing of C3‐K2‐E14 LNPs containing siRNA that silences the colony stimulating factor‐1 (CSF‐1) gene can modulate leukocyte populations in vivo, further highlighting utility.