Oxidative stress biomarkers, aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and protein carbonyl in nile tilapia exposed to water pollutants in the river nile -

Rosetta branch of Nile River at Kafer El-Zayat area, Al-Gharbiah Governorate, Egypt seasonally receive a lot of pollutants such as industrial, agricultural and sewage and organisms including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) may exposed to oxidative stress. For this reasons, the activities of aldehyde oxidase (AO), xanthine oxidase (XO) and protein carbonyl (PCO) in liver and white muscle of Nile tilapia (62.43 ± 6.9 g) captured from this area were assayed. The activities of AO, XO, and PCO were significantly increased as compared to control. The increase was more pronounced in autumn and winter seasons compared to other seasons. As these parameters increased in liver and white muscle as a response to these wastes in the environment seasonally it provides a useful biomarker for exposure to water pollutants. Finally, treatment of the sewage and other industrial and agricultural effluents before their entrance into Nile River recommended protecting the fish and human from deterioration effects of pollution.