Evaluación de la patogenicidad de Xenorhabdus spp. nativos en Colombia

Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología(2014)

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Abstract
Evaluation of pathogenicity Xenorhabdu s spp. natives in Colombia Titulo corto: Xenorhabdus spp: Patogenicidad Resumen: Las bacterias Xenorhabdus y Photorhabdus estan asociadas simbioticamente con nematodos de las familias Steinernematidae y Heterorhabditidae respectivamente. Se caracterizan por producir un complejo de sustancias como toxinas, antibioticos y enzimas extracelulares que matan los insectos. Con el objetivo de seleccionar los nematodos mas patogenicos y su nivel de produccion de antibioticos se propuso evaluar la patogenicidad de 13 aislamientos nativos. Las bacterias se aislaron de juveniles infectivos (JIS) por macerado directo, se cultivaron en medios microbiologicos selectivos (NBTA y MacConkey) y se describieron fenotipica y bioquimicamente. La patogenicidad se evaluo en larvas de ultimo instar de G. mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), mediante diluciones seriadas de inoculo bacteriano con una concentracion de 10 4 cel/ml. Se registro el porcentaje de mortalidad a las 12, 24 y 48 horas y las unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC) en agar NBTA, en los mismos intervalos de tiempo. Los datos se sometieron a un analisis de varianza y a la prueba de comparacion de medias de Duncan. Las pruebas bioquimicas y enzimaticas resultaron positivas para el genero Xenorhabdus. Los  analisis estadisticos mostraron que los aislamientos, UNPX04, UNPX15 provenientes de La Florida-Risaralda y Llano Bajo-Valle del Cauca respectivamente, causaron el 100 % de mortalidad a las 12 y 24 horas en contraste con siete aislamientos que causaron solo el 70% de mortalidad. Palabras clave: antibioticos; manejo; steinernema; virulencia Abstract:  Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria are symbiotically associated with nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae respectively. They are characterized by producing a complex of substances such as toxins, antibiotics and extracellular enzymes that kill insects. In order to select the most pathogenic nematodes and antibiotic production level, it was proposed to evaluate the pathogenicity of 13 native isolates. Bacteria were isolated from infective juveniles (JIS) by direct macerated, cultured on selective media (NBTA and MacConkey) and described phenotypic and biochemically. The pathogenicity was evaluated on the last instar larvae of G. mellonella , using serial dilutions of the bacterial inoculum with a concentration of 10 4 cel/ml. The mortality rate was registered at 12, 24 and 48 hours and the colony forming units (CFU) in NBTA agar in the same intervals of time. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and mean comparison by Duncan test. Biochemical and enzymatic tests were positive for the genus Xenorhabdus . The results showed that the isolates UNPX04, UNPX15 from agricultural soils of Florida -Risaralda and Llano Bajo- Valle del Cauca respectively, caused 100% of mortality at 12 and 24 hours in contrast with seven isolations that caused only 70% of mortality. Key words : antibiotics; management; steinernema; virulence.
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Key words
management,antibiotics,virulence
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