Trigonocephalus considering as example for craniosynostosis

Craniosynostoses due to premature fusion of one or more craniofacial sutures are the most frequent craniofacial abnormalities. The typical cranial deformities result from growth inhibition perpendicular to the affected sutures. Functional impairment is caused either directly by the pathological growth pattern or indirectly by the increased intracranial pressure. Once typical Synostosis is the trigonocephaly. The trigonocephalic deformity is created by the premature ossification of the metopic suture. Synostosis results in a bulging of the forehead area. The eyes move closer together, resulting in hypotelorism. Indications for surgery are the need to increase the intracranial volume and to correct esthetic impairments in the front. When planning the operating procedures, the surgeon has to consider the orbital problems. This review describes the different disease patterns of trigonocephaly and the specific surgical approaches for the correction.