Diseño e implementación de una metodología de efectividad de manejo mediante un enfoque participativo en las áreas protegidas Parque Nacional Viñales y Guanahacabibes. Pinar del Río. Cuba.

Since the creation of the first national park in 1872, in the United States, was conceived the no presence of people in these protected areas, extending this model worldwide, according to (Mc Neely et al., 1994) definition of National Park provided that these must be relatively large areas without material alteration of the operation or occupancy by humans. The participation of local communities and in the planning of protected areas actors as well as the handling and management of existing natural and cultural resources, currently has a fundamental importance, today is very complex to achieve the objectives of conservation without the participation of scientific institutions, local communities and stakeholders that are part of these or get involved in the handling and management of each protected area. In this paper we developed and applied a methodology of management effectiveness through a participatory approach in two protected areas of the National System of Protected Areas of Cuba (SNAP), identifying new criteria, indicators and variables, which were absent in the current methodology applied for (SNAP), with the aim of each protected space can make an assessment of the effectiveness of management by its characteristics, targets and management programs identified in the management plan.