Detection of antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacteria from a hospital

Ba c k g roun d & Aims of the Study: Antibiotic resistance is an important problem in health care. The aim of this study was the survey of prevalence of bacteria isolated in a university affiliated  hospital  (Kerman,  Iran)  and  detection  of  antibiotic  resistance  among  major pathogens. Materials & Methods : In this cross-sectional study, during a 3-year period (from June 2006 to June 2009) 14699 samples such as urine, blood, sputum, and cerebrospinal fluid obtained from patients hospitalized in a university affiliated hospital (Kerman, Iran). After isolation and identification of bacteria using standard microbiologic methods, antibiotic resistance testing was performed with the diffusion-disk method for several antibiotics. Results: A total of 1910 (12.15% ) specimens were positive for bacterial contamination. The cultures most positive cases  were from urine specimen (67.75%). The majority of frequent microorganisms isolated were E. coli (41.52%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.96%), Klebsiella   pneumoniae  (9.48%),  Staphylococcus   coagulase-negative  (8.27%),  and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.49%), respectively. The high rate of resistance of E. coli was related to amoxicillin (70.36%), Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin (66.76%), Klebsiella pneumoniae to  amoxicillin  (62.76%), Staphylococcus  coagulase-negative to  penicillin (74.68%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefotaxime (71.32%). Conclusions: We found that antimicrobial resistance is a problem of our hospital. The high consumption of antibiotic in the community can be a cause of a major problem in treatment.