Estimation of Genetic Diversity in Genetic Stocks of Hexaploid Wheat Using Seed Storage Proteins

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an allohexaploid specie, consist of three genomes AABBDD having 2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes. The wheat is a staple food of human beings due to its bread making quality which is composed of seed storage proteins of wheat especially High Molecular Weight Glutenins (HMW-GS). During present research, HMW-GS were analyzed in genetic stocks of common wheat consist of Nullisomic- tetrasomic, ditelosomic and deletion lines of group 3 homoeologous chromosomes by Sodium Dodecyle Sulpahate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protocol for protein extraction and separation was optimized. The protein profiles were used to estimate genetic distances and Phylogenetic relationships among the genetic stocks were evaluated. Genetic stocks showed different banding patterns and each protein band was considered as a locus/allele. Alleles were scored as present (1) and absent (0) to generate bivariate 1-0 data matrix. A total of 45 alleles were amplified. Genetic distance among the genetic stocks ranged from 0-72%. A dendrogram was constructed using computer program Pop Gene version 3.2. Genetic stocks of wheat were clustered in 3group A, B and C comprising 4, 4 and 1 genotypes, respectively. Maximum differences were observed among Dit-3BS and NT-3B3D and hence it is recommended that these 2 genetic stocks should be crossed to obtain maximum genetic diversity in the segregating population of wheat.