Seasonal Occurrence and Developmental Characteristics of Ussur Brown Katydid, Paratlanticus ussuriensis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

충북 영동지역 과수원에 대발생하여 피해를 주고 있는 갈색여치의 발생소장, 영기별 발육특성, 온도별 발육기간, 수명 및 산란수를 조사하였다. 갈색여치는 2008년 3월 말부터 9월 초까지 발생하며 5월 중순이 발생최성기였다. 3월부터 부화약충이 나타나기 시작하여 과수를 가해하기 시작하는데 피해가 가장 많은 시기는 4-5령 약충인 5월 중순이며, 성충은 6월 상순부터 8월 중순까지 나타나며 발생최성기는 7월 중순이었다. 갈색여치의 전체밀도는 5월 중순이 가장 높았다. 1령에서 7령 약충기를 거쳐 성충이 되는 갈색여치는 4령부터 산란관이 바깥으로 노출되고 체중이 크게 증가하며, 6령부터 날개가 관찰되었다. 채집된 개체의 성비는 0.57로 암컷이 많았다. 영기별 약충 발육기간은 영기가 높아질수록 길어졌고, 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$의 항온조건에서는 온도가 높아질수록 짧았다. 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$순으로 온도가 높아질수록 산란전기간 역시 각각 5.0, 4.3일 그리고 3.4일로 짧아지고, 산란수는 각각 69.0, 87.1개 그리고 104.3개로 증가하였으나 성충수명은 $25^{\circ}C$조건에서 암수 각각 35.7, 32.9일로 가장 길고, $30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 30.1, 28.1일로 가장 짧았다. 암수 간 발육기간의 차이는 온도와 관계없이 암컷이 더 길었다. 산란은 토양 표면으로부터 $3{\sim}4\;cm$깊이에 가장 많이 분포하였으며, 산란초기에 알을 집중적으로 낳는 습성을 보였다. This study was performed to investigate the seasonal occurrence, developmental characteristics of each nymphal stages with different temperatures (20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$), longevity and fecundity of ussur brown katydid, Paratlanticus ussuriensis, damaging by outbreaks in the orchard areas of Bitan-ri, Yeongdong, Chungbuk. Paratlanticus ussuriensis occurred from late-March to late-August with peak of mid-May. Newly emerged nymphs appeared from March and do damaged fruit orchards with peak of mid-May when P. ussuriensis existed as 4th and 5th nymphal stages. P. ussuriensis adult occurred from early-June to mid-Aug. with peak of mid-July. Total density of P. ussuriensis was showed highest in mid-May. Paratlanticus ussuriensis goes through nymphal stages to 7th nymph, the ovipositor began exposed to outside from the 4th instar and the body weight increased heavily from this stage and the wings were observed from 6th instar. Developmental period was longer as increased the nymphal stages. Sex ratio of collected insect was showed as 0.57; females more than males. As increased the temperature, developmental period was to be short. Preoviposition was also to be short as 5.0, 4.3, and 3.4 days at 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$, respectively, and fecundity increased as 69.0, 87.1, and 104.3 at 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Longevity of male and female at $25^{\circ}C$ was showed the longest with 35.7, and 32.9 days and showed the shortest with 30.1 and 28.1 days at $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The difference of developmental period in male and female were showed longer in female without relation of temperature. The eggs laid were frequently distributed 3 to 4 cm from soil surface, and showed the behavior laying eggs intensively when early oviposition period.