Endoscopic Endonasal Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas Invading the Cavernous Sinus: Surgical Outcome in 374 Patients

Introduction: The advent of endoscopic endonasal technique has given a new horizon to cavernous sinus (CS) surgery. Indeed, the preliminary results reported by multiple authors along the last decade have revealed to be encouraging, showing a satisfactory tumor removal rate, endocrinological remission, and low morbidity. After 15 years of experience, we reviewed our surgical series of CS invading pituitary adenomas (PTA) to analyze the outcome of this approach in a larger surgical series with a more relevant follow-up.