Impact of climate on feeding, production and reproduction of animals-A Review

Changes in the climate are due to global and environment warming lead to the heat stress. This heat stress can have large effects on most aspects of health, production and reproductive function in mammals. These may lead to poor production of feed crops and alter the feeding ability and digestion in the animals. Also include disruptions in spermatogenesis and oocyte development, oocyte maturation, early embryonic development, foetal and placental growth and lactation. These deleterious effects of heat stress are the result of either the hyperthermia associated with heat stress or the physiological adjustments made by the heat-stressed animal to regulate body temperature. Many effects of elevated temperature on gametes and the early embryo involve increased production of reactive oxygen species. Genetic adaptation to heat stress is possible both with respect to regulation of body temperature and cellular resistance to elevated temperature.