Are (Pseudo)bulges in Isolated Galaxies Actually Primordial Relics?

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS(2014)

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摘要
We present structural parameters and (g-i) bulge/disk colors for a large sample (189) of isolated AMIGA galaxies. The structural parameters of bulges were derived from the two-dimensional bulge/disk/bar decomposition of Sloan Digital Sky Survey i-band images using GALFIT. Galaxies were separated between classical bulges (n(b) > 2.5) and pseudobulges (n(b) < 2.5), resulting in a dominant pseudobulge population (94%) with only 12 classical bulges. In the -R-e plane, pseudobulges are distributed below the elliptical relation (smaller R-e and fainter mu(e)), with the closest region to the Kormendy relation populated by those pseudobulges with larger values of B/T. We derived (g-i) bulge colors using aperture photometry and find that pseudobulges show median colors (g-i)(b) similar to 1.06, while their associated disks are much bluer, (g-i)(d) similar to 0.77. Moreover, 64% (113/177) of pseudobulges follow the red sequence of early-type galaxies. Bluer pseudobulges tend to be located in galaxies with the highest likelihood of tidal perturbation. The red bulge colors and low B/T values for AMIGA isolated galaxies are consistent with an early formation epoch and not much subsequent growth. Properties of bulges in isolated galaxies contrast with a picture where pseudobulges grow continuously via star formation. They also suggest that environment could be playing a role in rejuvenating the pseudobulges.
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关键词
galaxies: fundamental parameters,galaxies: general,galaxies: interactions
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