Selection of monitoring techniques for a carbon storage and enhanced coalbed methane recovery pilot test in the Central Appalachian Basin

The goals of monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA) for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) studies include improved understanding of injection and storage processes, evaluation of interactions among carbon dioxide (CO2), reservoir fluids, and formation solids, and assessment and minimization of environmental impacts (DOE and NETL, 2009). Site-specific selection of tools for a well-rounded MVA program may include technologies for atmospheric, near-surface, and subsurface monitoring.