Approaches towards a generic methodology for storage of hazardous energy carriers and waste products

Energy carriers either conventional or new' ones have to be provided in large amounts to meet the requirements of permanent availability and reliable supply of electricity. Depending on their state of aggregation, energy carriers are either stored in large masses (if solid or liquid) or at elevated pressures (if gaseous). Both impose the hazard of large-scale fire, in the latter case additionally the danger of explosion or unintended release. Very similar hazards occur for wastes. Solid wastes are present in large masses and only a small part is recycled. Most of the solid wastes are used in energy conversion. The main gaseous waste is CO2. During capturing also the hazard of unintended release exists. In this article, existing approaches for safe storage and fire prevention are discussed and a generic methodology is outlined. This methodology consists of the following steps: center dot gaining knowledge about the behaviour of the material stored (reactivity, thermal stability, etc.), center dot assessing the environmental conditions for the storage site (neighbourhood, safety distances, etc.), center dot assessment of prospective consequences of an incident and center dot development of individual loss prevention conceptions. All steps require both experimental testing and theoretical considerations about accident scenarios as integral parts of the methodology.