Monitoring of Pulsed Electric Field-Induced Abiotic Stress on Microalgae by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Diagnostic

Application of a pulsed electric field (PEF) on biological cells, in general, results in stress reactions of the affected organisms. Depending on pulse parameters, reactions such as growth stimulation or apoptosis can be observed for short pulses on the nanosecond (ns) time scale. Cell inactivation usually occurs at longer pulse duration and appropriate high treatment energy values. In this paper,...