Analyses of Monomeric Storage Proteins “gliadins” in Iranian Bread Wheats

A collection of new and obsolete Iranian bread wheat cultivars were characterized for gliadins using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). Extensive polymorphism ( H ) = 0.734 in gliadin patterns was found. A total of 26 band patterns including 13, 8 and 5 different mobility bands were identified, in the zones of ω -, β + γ - and α -gliadins, respectively. There were a few patterns specific to each region and some were common among all the regions. Patterns of α -gliadin C, β + γ -gliadins A, and ω -gliadins H, C and E patterns were significantly higher in temperate and tropical zones. β + γ -gliadin C and ω -gliadin Q were significantly higher in Caspian-cold regions. Variation was observed in gliadins patterns of cultivars grown in different regions in Iran. Individual cultivars showed unique gliadin fingerprints. There were larger variation in ω - and γ + β -gliadins than in α -gliadins. These results may provide complementary information for relating genetic diversity, and quality characterization of Iranian wheat cultivars.