Gender differences in trauma and substance use characteristics among veterans with PTSD and substance use disorders

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284 e213 Methods: Healthy, non-dependent opioid abusers (n=10) were enrolled in this within-subject, double blind, placebo-controlled, inpatient study. Three 7.5h sessions were completed (Days 1, 4 and 5) with dosing as follows: Day 1: 30mg, p.o. oxycodone, Days 2–4: quinine (80mg, p.o.), Day 5: quinine and oxycodone 2 hr later. A broad array of pharmacodynamic measures was collected, and multiple blood and urine samples were collected to capture the pharmacokinetic profile of both drugs. Results: Quinine produced a peak plasma concentration of 488ng/mL with a Tmax of 1.6h. After 4 consecutive days of once daily dosing, quinine was detectable (144ng/mL) in plasma 24h after the last dose. Estimates suggest a plasma half-life of 8h. In urine, quinine reached a Cmax of 8032ng/mL with a Tmax of 7.8h. Urinary accumulation occurred (urine t1/2–22h) and quinine was still detectable in urine (464ng/mL) 72h after repeated dosing. Oxycodone did not alter urine or plasma concentrations (p< .05), a finding which is supported by the pharmacodynamic data. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetic profile of quinine in plasma is orderly and appropriate for once daily dosing. Due to its long urinary half-life, quinine may be suitable for urine-based assays to monitor adherence to drugs with similar urinary half-lives or as a tool for detecting multiple missed medication doses. Financial support: R01DA016718-08S1 (SLW), UL1RR033173 (UK CTSA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.046 Gender differences in trauma and substance use characteristics among veterans with PTSD and substance use disorders Sudie E. Back1,2, Therese Killeen1, Andrew Teer1, Francis Beylotte1, Jenna L. McCauley1, Daniel F. Gros1,2, Julianne Hellmuth1, Kathleen T. Brady1,2 1 Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States 2 Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston,