Nitrate Uptake from Water by Means of Tailored Adsorbents
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution(2015)
Abstract
Two different adsorbents directed to nitrate removal from water were developed from Parkinsonia aculeata wood. An activated carbon was obtained by chemical activation with K 2 CO 3 at 800 °C, whereas another adsorbent was prepared using a dilute solution of NH 4 Cl at 450 °C. Elemental compositions, surface functional groups, and textural parameters of both adsorbents were determined and compared with those of a commercial activated carbon used as a reference. Nitrate adsorption assays were carried out to examine the effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and equilibrium adsorption isotherms. The adsorbent obtained with K 2 CO 3 showed a well-developed pore structure ( S BET = 777 m 2 /g; V T = 0.35 cm 3 /g) and neutral character, while the one prepared with NH 4 Cl exhibited a low porous development ( S BET = 58 m 2 /g; V T = 0.03 cm 3 /g), acidic nature, and a noticeably high N content. The latter attained the highest nitrate removal efficiency, with a maximum adsorption capacity ( X mL = 0.40 mmol/g) higher than those estimated for the former ( X mL = 0.34 mmol/g) and the commercial sample ( X mL = 0.23 mmol/g), pointing to a predominant role of the chemical surface characteristics, mainly of N-containing groups and basic functionalities. Accordingly, the adsorbent obtained with NH 4 Cl represents a friendly novel material especially suited for nitrate removal.
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Key words
Activated carbons,Ammonium chloride,Nitrate removal,Potassium carbonate
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