Pulmonary Edema and Cardiac Arrest Complicating Transurethral Resection of the Prostate and TURP Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome is defined by fluid overload during bladder irrigation, leading to hyponatremia and hypervolemia, and is a known complication of TURP. Over 400 000 TURP procedures occur each year with TURP syndrome occurring in 10-15% of cases, and an associated mortality of 0.2 to 0.8% 1. The presentation can vary from minimal symptoms to complete cardiovascular collapse, multi-organ failure, and death. Because of the variable presentation, TURP syndrome may not be recognized in a timely fashion. Knowledge of this syndrome including pathophysiology and treatment is essential to ensure early recognition and treatment.