Liquid-crystalline gels exhibiting electrooptical light scattering properties: fibrous polymerized network of a lysine-based gelator having acrylate moieties

New liquid-crystalline (LC) gels composed of a lysine-based bisurea derivative having terminal acrylate moieties and a nematic liquid crystal, 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl, have been prepared to develop light-scattering electrooptical materials. Randomly dispersed networks of the polymerizable fibers are obtained by self-assembly of the lysine derivative through the formation of hydrogen bonds in the isotropic phase of the nematic LC molecule. After the isotropic–nematic transition of the LC molecule occurs at 35 °C on cooling, light-scattering nematic LC gels are formed because of the formation of microphase-separated structures of fibrous solids and the liquid crystal. The fibrous structures are fixed by photopolymerization, leading to the enhancement of thermal stability. The polymerized LC gels exhibit electrooptical switching between light-scattering and transparent states with lower driving voltages than the non-polymerized LC gels. The threshold voltages of the LC gels based on the polymerizable lysine gelator are also lower than those of the LC gels containing a non-polymerizable lysine gelator.