Conduction mechanism of grain oriented Bi 3.15 Nd 0.85 Ti 3 O 12 ceramics fabricated by a hot-forging method

We have fabricated ordinary fired (OF) and grain oriented Bi 3.15 Nd 0.85 Ti 3 O 12 (HF[⊥], HF[//]) samples by a hot-forging technique. The grain orientation factor F calculated from X-ray diffraction patterns of the c -axis oriented Bi 3.15 Nd 0.85 Ti 3 O 12 -HF[//] sample is determined to be above 90%. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Bi 3.15 Nd 0.85 Ti 3 O 12 ceramics with different grain orientation have been investigated as a function of temperature. The a-b axis oriented Bi 3.15 Nd 0.85 Ti 3 O 12 -HF[⊥] sample had an enhanced dielectric constant (1163 at T c ) and ferroelectric properties ( P r ∼ 32 μC/cm 2 ). The electrical conductivity of BNT ceramic has been studied as a function of temperature in order to investigate the conduction mechanism with different grain orientations.