The Urinary Inflammatory Profile In Gluten Free Diet-Adherent Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes And Celiac Disease

Aims: Our objective was to characterize urinary cytokine/chemokine excretion in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) adhering to gluten free diet (GFD) compared to matched T1D patients and healthy control (HC) group from an existing cohort.Methods: Eighteen T1D + CD + GFD patients aged 10-16 years were identified and matched 2:1 for age, sex, diabetes duration and glycated hemoglobin to 36 T1D subjects and 36 HC. T1D + CD + GFD patients were adherent with a GFD. Urine and serum levels of cytokines/chemokines as well as baseline clinical and laboratory variables were assessed.Results: T1D + CD + GFD patients exhibited lower levels of urinary IL-1B, IL-4, IL-5 (p < 0.05) and IFN-gamma, IL-8 and G-CSF levels (p < 0.07) compared with T1D patients. Urinary biomarker levels between T1D + CD + GFD and HC were mostly similar. In contrast, urinary FGF-2, Flt-3, IL-1B, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-15, MIP-1 beta, and TNF-beta (p < 0.05) were higher in T1D patients compared to HC. Similar levels of inflammatory markers were seen in the serum for all 3 groups.Conclusions: T1D + CD + GFD patients demonstrated decreased urinary inflammatory cytokine/chemokines compared to T1D and some similar to HC, which is suggestive of a potential modulatory role of treated CD on urinary markers. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.