Modafinil and sleep architecture in an inpatient-outpatient treatment study of cocaine dependence.

•A translational trial of modafinil’s effects on sleep and treatment outcome was conducted in persons with cocaine use disorders.•A relapse prevention design incorporated initiation of treatment in an inpatient setting with regulated diurnal schedule followed by continued outpatient treatment.•Modafinil was found to increase slow-wave sleep time and improve treatment outcomes.•The effect of modafinil on slow wave sleep was a statistical mediator of improved clinical outcomes.