Design and synthesis of core–shell porous magnetic nanospindle@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/MXene composite for efficient microwave absorption

The development of advanced microwave absorbing materials with high absorption intensity and broad bandwidth is crucial for applications in electromagnetic interference shielding and stealth technology. In this study, we propose a novel hybrid material composed of porous magnetic nanospindle@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/MXene (Fe@P/MX), designed to achieve superior microwave absorption performance through impedance matching and electromagnetic loss mechanisms. The conductive PEDOT and MXene, combined with magnetic nanospindles, enable impedance matching and promote dielectric loss, which ultimately enhances microwave absorption. Additionally, the hybrid material contains multiple interfaces that induce interface polarization and strong absorption of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic parameters of composites can be easily modulated by adjusting the content of PEDOT, thereby optimizing microwave absorption performance. The results demonstrate improved performance compared to existing materials, with the minimum reflection loss of − 60.6 dB at 17.0 GHz under the thickness of 1.6 mm. Besides, the effective absorption bandwidth extends to 5.4 GHz under the thickness of 1.9 mm. This core–shell hybrid material has significant potential for practical applications requiring efficient microwave absorption. Graphical abstract