Greater asymmetric wall shear stress in Sievers' type 1/LR compared with 0/LAT bicuspid aortic valves after valve-sparing aortic root replacement

Objective: To evaluate the role of commissure orientation on downstream blood flow patterns and ascending aortic wall shear stress (WSS) in patients with bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) after valve-sparing aortic root replacement (V-SARR). Methods: Nineteen BAV patients after V-SARR (9 Sievers' type 1/LR [type 1 valve with fusion of the left and right cusps] and 10 Sievers' type 0/LAT ["naturally perfect"; type 0 valve without the presence of a raphe, and with the 2 commissures oriented right-anterior-to-left-posterior]) were imaged using time-resolved 3-D phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging. A control group of 5 unoperated tricuspid aortic valve patients were used for comparison purposes. Wall shear stress and eccentricity of flow normalized to aortic diameter were measured in planes placed perpendicular to the axis of the ascending aorta at the level of the sinotubular junction (proximal ascending), main pulmonary artery (mid-ascending), and origin of the brachiocephalic (distal ascending). Results: The ratio of WSS along the outer curvature to that along the inner curvature was greater in Sievers' type 1/LR patients compared with Sievers' type 0/LAT patients in the proximal (3.8 +/- 1.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.9, P = .009) and mid-ascending aorta (4.5 +/- 2.4 vs 2.4 +/- 1.3, P = .027). Relative to control normal tricuspid patients, Sievers' type 1/LR BAV patients had a higher WSS ratio in the mid-ascending aorta (4.5 +/- 2.4 vs 1.2 +/- 1.2, P = .007). Conversely, WSS in Sievers' type 0/LAT patients was not different than in normal tricuspid patients. Conclusions: After V-SARR, BAV cusp morphology has a major impact on the pattern of blood flow and WSS in the ascending aorta.