Correlations of the rectus abdominis muscle anatomy with anthropometric measurements

Purpose The anterior abdominal muscle wall has a strong aesthetic connotation, primarily because of the classical anatomical description of the rectus abdominis muscle in the collective consciousness. However, the morphological reality of the general population considerably deviates from this description. Therefore, we investigated the anthropometric characteristics correlated with the anatomy of the rectus abdominis muscle. Methods We performed a computed tomography scan anatomical study of recti abdominis muscles in 86 patients with no history of abdominal surgery. We noted the transverse and anteroposterior measurements of the rectus abdominis muscle, the transverse measurement of the linea alba, and the cutaneous and muscular abdominal perimeters. We compared these morphological elements with anthropometric data (sex, age, weight, height, and body mass index [BMI]). Results BMI was positively correlated with cutaneous abdominal perimeter ( r = 0.89, p < 0.001) and muscular abdominal perimeter ( r = 0.7, p < 0.001). The correlation of BMI with cutaneous abdominal perimeter was not influenced by sex ( r = 0.90 and r = 0.89 in men and women, respectively). The correlation of BMI with muscular abdominal perimeter was greater in men than in women ( r = 0.80 vs. r = 0.75). The muscular abdominal perimeter was more strongly correlated with the transverse measurement of the rectus abdominis muscle in men than in women ( r = 0.75 vs. r = 0.59). The muscular abdominal perimeter was more strongly correlated with the linea alba in women than in men ( r = 0.51 vs. r = 0.31). Conclusion The anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall correlated with anthropometric data, including BMI. Rectus abdominis muscles and linea alba structures differed between men and women.