Aerostat-based sampling of emissions from open burning and open detonation of military ordnance.

•PM emission factors were higher for soil-covered vs surface detonations.•Large amounts of soil were ejected during detonations and entrained into the plumes.•Energetics in the detonation plumes were less than 0.0005% of original munitions.•Al-containing AP propellants showed that 7–17% of Al partitioned to the emissions.