Simultaneous changes of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and pathological microstructure in locally advanced cervical cancer caused by neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

PurposeTo investigate the changes to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) correlated with histopathology after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Materials and MethodsThirty-three patients with LACC were examined with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. MRIs were performed for each patient at three timepoints: before the first NACT, 2 weeks after the first NACT, and 2 weeks after the second NACT. Uterine cervical specimens were collected at the same timepoints. Specimens were stained for tumor cell density, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and aquaporin 1 (AQP1). Treatment responses were classified as the effective group (complete and partial response) and the ineffective group (stable and progressive disease). ResultsThe ADC value of the effective group after the first chemotherapy was higher than that before chemotherapy (P=0.002), and expressions of three pathological indicators (tumor cell density, PCNA, and AQP1) significantly decreased after the first NACT compared with those prechemotherapy (P<0.001). Changes of PCNA expression were negatively correlated with changes of ADC values after the first NACT in the effective group (r=-0.56, P=0.03). Changes of cellular density were negatively correlated with changes of ADC values from the time of prechemotherapy to after the second NACT in the effective group (r=-0.51, P=0.04). ConclusionThe ADC change after successful chemotherapy is closely related with cellular characteristics preceding size reduction. ADC may be used as an early imaging biomarker of NACT response in LACC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:427-435.